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ALIGHIERI, SWEET NEW STYLE: BRUNETTO
LATINO, DANTE
ALIGHIERI, &
GEOFFREY CHAUCER
|| VICTORIAN:
WHITE
SILENCE:
FLORENCE'S
'ENGLISH'
CEMETERY
|| ELIZABETH
BARRETT BROWNING
|| WALTER
SAVAGE LANDOR
|| FRANCES
TROLLOPE
|| ABOLITION
OF SLAVERY
|| FLORENCE
IN SEPIA
|| CITY AND BOOK CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS I, II, III,
IV,
V,
VI,
VII
, VIII, IX, X || MEDIATHECA
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MAZZEI'
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New: Opere
Brunetto Latino || Dante vivo || White Silence
See also http://www.florin.ms/ChapterLast.html
http://www.umilta.net/ringofgold.html for the
Romanian Roma (gypsies from Romania) were also slaves,
of the nobles and the monasteries, from the Middle
Ages until the 1853 publication of Harriet Beecher
Stowe's Uncle tom's Cabin in Romanian and who still
have not attained Civil Rights.
FLORENCE'S 'ENGLISH'
CEMETERY
AND THE ABOLITION OF
SLAVERY PORTAL
Iron Chain and Golden Ring, Elizabeth
Barrett Browning's 'English' Cemetery in Florence
Lecture, Little Rock, 28 February, 2007
See the entries in White Silence for Chapter B, Frances Trollope, Hugh
McDonell, Nadezhda (Kalima) De Santis, and Elizabeth Barrett
Browning, Chapter D, for Theodore
Parker and Richard Hildreth with Frederick Douglass' visit to
their graves and that of Elizabeth Barrett Browning for their
work against slavery, Chapter F
for the Scottish daughter of a Greek Slave (Kalitza Psaraki),
Henrietta Maria Hay.
See also Frances Trollope's 1836 Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw.
Timeline
and the 'English' Cemetery in relation to the
Abolition of Slavery:
1688. Aphra Behn, Ooronoko.
1741-1830. Dr Thomas Somerville, 1741-1830, wrote the
History of Queen
Anne and also tracts against slavery, his
son, William being buried by Mary Somerville in the
'English' Cemetery, 1860. She was buried in Naples,
1872.
*§ WILLIAM
SOMERVILLE/ SCOTLAND/ Somerville/ Guglielmo/ / Inghilterra/
Firenze/ 25 Luglio/ 1860/ Anni 87/ 703/ William Somerville,
l'Angleterre (Ledbrough, Roxburghshire, Ecosse), rentier/ DNB,
GL23777/1 N° 282 Burial 27/06, Rev O'Neill/ NDNB
entries for wife, Mary Somerville, for father, Dr Thomas
Somerville/ WILLIAM SOMERVILLE/ ELDEST SON OF THE HISTORIAN
OF QUEEN ANNE/ BORN AT MINTO ROXBURGHSHIRE/ 22 APRIL 1771/
DIED AT FLORENCE 15 JUNE 1860/ GOD WILL REDEEM MY LIFE FROM/
THE POWER OF THE GRAVE 49 PSALM/ A11N(148)
[His father's death is noted in Bell's Weekly Messenger (No.1770, Sunday, February 28, 1830): 'We regret to learn that the Rev. Dr. Somerville, so eminently distinguished as the historian of Queen Anne, and for other valuable works, died at Jedburgh Manse, at a very advanced age, on Sunday last. The Rev. Doctor was the father of a Scottish church. He had assisted in the communion services in the church of his own parish on the Sabbath preceding, and apparently with no decrease of energy or zeal; but he was taken ill on the evening of that day, and continued to linger, peacefully waiting for his rest, till his departure, as we have said, on the Sabbath of the week following, much about the hour, of the evening when he was first taken ill.--At Jedburgh, on the 16th inst. after a few days illness, the Rev. Dr. SOMERVILLE, in the 90th year of his age, and the 63d in which he had discharged the active duties of a Minister.--Edinburgh paper'. British Library: Title: The History of Great Britain during the reign of Queen Anne, with a dissertation concerning the danger of the Protestant Succession, and an appendix containing original papers. Author: SOMERVILLE. Thomas. D.D. Publication details: pp. xxvii. 674. A. Strahan, etc.: London, 1798. 4o. Author of many other books including against slavery. William Somerville is husband of the Scottish mathematician and astronomer Mary Somerville who predicted the existence of Neptune and Pluto. Mary Somerville encouraged Ada Byron, Countess Lovelace (Lord Byron's daughter), in her pursuit of mathematics, Ada Byron and Charles Babbage creating the modern computer. Mary Somerville's bust is honoured in the Royal Society of which she was a member. She is buried in Naples' Cimitero degli Inglesi. Somerville College, Oxford, is named after her.
Her tomb, sculpted by Francesco Jerace
1791
Slave Revolt, Haiti
*°§ ADMIRAL THE HON. FLEETWOOD BROUGHTON REYNOLDS PELLEW/ ENGLAND/ Pellew/ Ammiraglio Fleetwood/ / Inghilterra/ Marsilia/ 28 Luglio/ 1861/ / 747/ l'Amiral Fleetwood Pellew, l'Angleterre/ [Admiral died in Marseilles, 28 July 1861]/ GL23777/1 N° 297, Burial 07/08, Age 71 years 6 months, Rev Finch/ Harriet Frances Pellew (who died 7 August 1849) and her husband Admiral the Hon. Sir Fleetwood Broughton Reynolds Pellew had a daughter called Harriet Bettina Frances Pellew (who died 9 November 1886 and who is also buried in Florence), who through her marriage to the Earl of Orford had 2 daughters, Lady Dorothy Elizabeth Mary Pellew Walpole and Lady Maude Mary Pellew Walpole, both of whom married Italians, the Duke of Balzo and the Prince of Palagonia, and are both buried in Italy/ NDNB entry/ HONOURABLE FLEETWOOD BROUGHTON REYNOLDS PELLEW SECOND SON OF EDWARD VISCOUNT EXMOUTH ADMIRAL OF THE BLUE KCE CB BORN . . . DIED AT MARSEILLES THOU . . . / F8E/ °= The Honourable Peter I. Pellew
Noted in 'Iron Chain, Gold Ring': On 28 December 1827, the ship 'Edward' had set sail from the Port of London for the Port of New Orleans. On board were Frances Trollope, 40, Cecilia Trollope, 12, Emily Trollope, 10, Henry Trollope, 14, all English, Frances Wright, 28, American, and August Hervieu, 23, French. Frances Wright, associated with Lafayette, had invited the Trollopes to Nashoba where she had a settlement for the education of Negro slaves. Auguste Hervieu, a brilliant young artist, was the children's tutor and companion. With them also were Hester Rust and William Abbott, their servants. Often Hervieu had to sell his art to feed and house them all'. In Cincinatti she had engaged the young B32/ HIRAM POWERS to do Dante's Commedia in wax, starting his career as a sculptor. Pastore Luigi Santini wrote of her presence in Florence: 'She was the matriarch of a clan of writers; herself, two sons and two daughters-in-law. She arrived in Florence with her son Thomas Adolphus in 1843 and took up residence in Piazza Santa Croce, immediately entering into friendly relations with notables of the Court and the British community. In 1849 she moved with her son and daughter-in-law Theodosia Garrow to a little house, Villino Trollope, in Piazza Barbano (now Indipendenza). She dedicated herself to the theatre, organized Anglo-Florentine social life, and wrote prolifically, and her house became a meeting place and obligatory reference point even for such writers as Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and Thackeray. Her son's autobiography, What I Remember (London, 1887), is a splendid window on cosmopolitan and cultivated Florence'. L.S. The Biblioteca e Bottega Fioretta Mazzei now has these two volumes, as well as books written by and about Fanny Trollope.
Auguste
Hervieu
Villino
Trollope
Stele. Marmista ignoto. Sec. XIX, post 10/1863.
Ambito toscano. Stele in marmo incisa in lettere capitali
in lingua latina e numeri arabi, marmo sporco, posta su
basamento in pietra serena, recinto in pietra serena con
quattro colonnini spezzati. Intervento di pulitura, Alberto Casciani/ Daniel-Claudiu
Dumitrescu, 05/2010. [M: A: 162. L:
87. P: 51.; P.s. A: 20. L: 96. P: 60; R: A: 38: 198. P: 83.]
Iscrizione sepolcrale in latino incisa in lettere capitali e
numeri arabi: Iscrizione
sepolcrale in latino incisa in lettere capitali e numeri
arabi: FRANCESCAE TROLLOPE/ QUOD MORTALE FUIT/ HIC
IACET/ . . . / MEMORIA/ NULLUM MARMOR QUAERIT/ APUD
STAPLETON/ IN AGRO SOMERSET ANGLORUM/ A.D. 1780 NATA/
FLORENTIAE/ TUMULUM A.D.1863/ NACTA EST/ Eglise Evangelique-Reformée de
Florence Régistre des Morts: Françoise Veuve Trolloope,
l'Angleterre, fille de Revd. Guillaume Milton, et de Marie, née
Gressley, son épouse/ Records, Guildhall Library, London:
GL23777/1 N° 337 Burial 08/10 Age 84 Rev Pendleton/ Hampshire
Advertiser, Morning Post, relict of Thomas Anthony
Trollope, Esq, barrister-at-law/ Maquay
Diaries, EBB Letters/ Registro alfabetico delle persone tumulate nel
Cimitero di Pinti: Trolloape [Trollope] nata
Milton/ Vedova Francesca/ Guglielmo/ Inghilterra/ Firenze/ 6
Ottobre/ 1863/ Anni 84/ 849/ On
the Trollopes in Florence, see Giuliana Artom Treves, Golden
Ring, passim/ Thomas Adolphus Trollope writes the Latin of
the inscriptions for his mother, his wife, his father-in-law; Thomas Adolphus Trollope, What I Remember,
I & II/ N&Q Francisca Trollope, b. at Stapleton, Somt,
1780, ob. 1863. (In Latin.)/ NDNB entries for
Trollopes, etc/*=Dennis Looney. Chiesa Evangelica
Riformata Svizzera, 1827-present. Nulla osta.
See ironchain.html,
http://www-florin.ms/gimel CBV.html#Ayres,
Mediatheca 'Fioretta Mazzei' holdings, TAU.
a
‘HIRAM POWERS’ GREEK SLAVE’
They say
Ideal Beauty cannot enter
The house of anguish.
On the threshold stands
An alien Image with the shackled hands,
Called the Greek Slave: as if the sculptor meant
her,
(That passionless perfection which
he lent her,
Shadowed, not darkened, where the sill expands)
To, so, confront men’s crimes in different lands,
With man’s ideal sense. Pierce to the centre,
Art’s fiery finger! - and break up erelong
The
serfdom of this world! Appeal, fair stone,
From God’s pure heights of beauty, against
man’s wrong!
Catch up in thy divine face, not alone
East griefs but west, - and strike and
shame the strong,
By thunders of white silence,
overthrown!
Si dice che
la Bellezza Ideale non possa entrare nella
casa d'angoscia. Una figura straniera sta
sulla soglia,
con le mani incatenate, la Schiava greca:
come se lo scultore eleggesse lei,
(quella perfezione impassibile che egli le
diede,
ombreggiata, non oscurata, là dove la
soglia si apre)
per misurare i crimini degli uomini
in diversi lidi,
con ogni ideale dell'uomo. Penetra
nell'intimo,
infuocato dito dell'arte! - e spezza
presto
la schiavitù di questo mondo! Appellati,
bella pietra,
dalle pure sommità della bellezza di
Dio, contro il male dell'uomo!
Cattura nel tuo volto divino, le pene
e dell'oriente e dell'occidente, - e
colpisci e umilia i forti,
da tuoni di
bianco silenzio sconfitti!
Next to Rome, in point of interest to me, is the classic city of Florence, and thither we went from the Eternal City. One might never tire of what is here to be seen. The first thing Mrs. Douglass and I did, on our arrival in Florence, was to visit the grave of Theodore Parker and at the same time that of Elizabeth Barrett Browning (B8). The preacher and the poet lie near each other. The soul of each was devoted to liberty. The brave stand taken by Theodore Parker during the antislavery conflict endeared him to my heart, and naturally enough the spot made sacred by his ashes was the first to draw me to its side. He had a voice for the slave when nearly all the pulpits of the land were dumb. Looking upon the little mound of earth that covered his dust, I felt the pathos of his simple grave. It did not seem well that the remains of the great American preacher should rest thus in a foreign soil, far away from the hearts and hands which would gladly linger about it and keep it well adorned with flowers. Than Theodore Parker no man was more intensely American. Broad as the land in his sympathy with mankind, he was yet a loving son of New England and thoroughly Bostonian in his thoughts, feelings, and activities. The liberal thought which he taught had in his native land its natural home and largest welcome, and I therefore felt that his dust should have been brought here. It was in his pulpit that I made my first antislavery speech in Roxbury. That its doors opened to me in that dark period was due to him. I remember, too, his lovingkindness when I was persecuted for my change of opinion as to political action. Theodore Parker never joined that warfare upon me. He loved Mr. Garrison, but was not a Garrisonian. He worked with the sects, but was not a sectarian. His character was cast in a mold too large to be pressed into a form or reform less broad than humanity. He would shed his blood as quickly for a black fugitive slave pursued by human hounds as for a white President of the United States. He was the friend of the non-voting and non-resistant class of abolitionists, but not less the friend of Henry Wilson, Charles Sumner, Gerrit Smith, and John Brown. He was the large and generous brother of all men, honestly endeavoring to bring about the abolition of Negro slavery. It has lately been attempted to class him with the contemners of the Negro. Could that be established, it would convict him of duplicity and hypocrisy of the most revolting kind. But his whole life and character are in direct contradiction to that assumption.While he had written the following in his diary:
1861. The following year
Elizabeth Barrett Browning followed him in death and burial.
B12-13I/
B8/ 737/ ELIZABETH
BARRETT BROWNING/
JAMAICA/ENGLAND/ E.B.B./ OB.1861// FRANCESCO GIOVANNOZZI FECE
Sarcofago. Disegno: Frederic Lord Leighton; Scultore
Francesco Giovanozzi; Firma: FRANCESCO
GIOVANNOZZI FECE. [sarcofago in marmo e elementi
decorativi in piombo su disegno di Lord
Leighton eseguito da Francesco Giovannozzi, firma in basso
a sinistra. Del fratello, Luigi Giovannozzi (1791-1870), è la
tomba della Duchessa d'Albany in Santa Croce]. Sec. XIX, post
1864. Ambito toscano. Sarcofago
scolpito con cammeo a simbolo della Poesia, arpe, lira greca
(con il Dio Pan bifronte del Giardino Torrigiani), arpa ebrea
con catena spezzata, arpa cristiana; intagliato con gigli e
fiori delle Isole britanniche, rosa, trifoglio, giunchiglie,
rami d'ulivo; sarcofago retto da sei colonne con gigli su
disegno di Lord Leighton. Ultimo intervento di restauro,
Meridiana Restauri, 2006, recinto in ferro, intervento
conservativo sul ferro Daniel Dumitrescu, 2008. Per i disegni
preparatori conservati alla Royal Academy Library, ecc., si
veda ebbdeath.html [M: A: 105. L
191.2: P: 118.5; P.s. A: 37. L: 212. P: 114.6 Recinto A:
72. Totale: A: 204. L: 191.2. P: 118.5 ] Iscrizione sepolcrale
in lettere capitali e numeri arabi in piombo: E.B.B./
OB.1861./ Eglise
Evangelique-Reformée de Florence Régistre des Morts:
Elisabeth Barrett Browning, l'Angleterre, agé de 45 ans/ Q 459:
271 Paoli, including English Church's tax of 113 Paoli/ Q 479:
90 Paoli paid to Ferdinando Giorgi, Master Mason for digging two
graves for EBB/ Records, Guildhall Library, London: GL23777/1 N°293 Burial 01/07 Rev O'Neill,
'bronchitis'/ Registro
alfabetico delle persone tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti:
79. Barrett
Browning/ Elisabetta/ / Inghilterra/ Firenze/ 29 Giugno/ 1861/
Anni 45 [incorrect, 55]/ 737/ N&Q
207. E. B. B., ob. 1861. No other inscription/ Freeman, 236-23/ NDNB article/ Belle Arti 1993-1997 scheda/ Henderson/ Webbs: heart attack, morphine poisoning?/
Chiesa Evangelica Riformata Svizzer, 1827-present. Nulla
osta.
1865. Another
writer against slavery, Richard Hildreth, followed them in
1865:
1866. An Indian
Prince visits Florence, but dies at twenty, is cremated by the
banks of the Arno and the Mugone, with a grand monument
erected to his memory.
D20S/ D110/
914/ RICHARD
HILDRETH/ AMERICA/
RICHARD HILDRETH/ DIED JULY 10 1865
Frederick
Douglass in his diary above notes he also visits the tomb of
Richard Hildreth and comments at length on his writings.
Jeffrey Begeal notes Richard Hildreth was American Consul in
Trieste. William Lyons Phelps notes that he wrote an inspiring
History of the United States in six volumes, stating in
its Preface: 'Of centennial sermons and Fourth of July
orations, whether professedly such or in the guise of history,
there are more than enough. It is due to our fathers and
ourselves, it is due to truth and philosophy, to present for
once, on the historic stage, the founders of our American
nationa unbedaubed with patriotic rouge, wrapped up in no
fine-spun cloaks of excuses and apology, without stilts,
buskins, tinsel, or edizenment, in their own proper persons.'
The Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography
notes that he wrote the first anti-slavery novel, The
Slave, from witnessing slavery in Florida where he had
gone because of his tuberculosis. This novel may be read on
the Web at http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/hildreth/hildreth.html.
TAU has a copy of its Italian
translation. Harriet Beecher Stowe, in Uncle Tom's Cabin,
copies this novel and that of Frances Trollope (Sector B, B80),
Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw. Buried near Theodore Parker
(D108),
he also is Unitarian. Frederick Douglass visited both their
graves and in his handwritten diary, above, commented
admiringly on Hildreth. Hildreth's wife, Caroline Negus, the
portraitist who supported her husband's writing career, died
of cholera in Naples in 1867.
Cippo. Marmista
ignoto. Sec. XIX, post 7/1865. Ambito toscano. Possibile intervento di pulitura. [M: A: 99; L: 61; P: 22; P.s. A: 45; L: 82.2;
P: 47.1.] Iscrizione
sepolcrale in inglese incisa in lettere capitali e numeri arabi:
RICHARD HILDRETH/ DIED JULY 10 1865/ Eglise Evangelique-Reformée de
Florence Régistre des Morts: Richard Hildrith,
l'Amerique/ / III:
1865-1870 'Registre des Sepultures' avec detail des frais;
Francs 339.55/ Tiimothy Bigelow Lawrence, Consular Records
11/7/1865, Despath No. 109 to Seward, Death of Richard Hildreth,
Boston, MA, aged 57, Late Consul of Trieste/ Registro alfabetico delle persone
tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti: Hildreth +/ Riccardo/ /
America/ Firenze/ 10 Luglio/ 1865/ Anni 58/ 914/ DUUB (Dictionary of
Universalist Unitarian Biography)/ N&Q
87. Richard Hildreth, ob. 10 July 1865. Chiesa Evangelica
Riformata Svizzera, 1827-present.
Sirpa Salenius, CBVa.html#salenius
The Mediatheca 'Fioretta Mazzei' seeks these volumes by
Richard Hildreth, History of the United States, History of Banking. We
have the two volume translation into Italian of The White
Slave, Lo schiavo bianco, Milan, 1853, the second
anti-slavery novel. See TAU
1875. Another
slave story in the 'English' Cemetery:
F5O/ F53/
1300/ HENRIETTA MARIA
HAY/ SCOTLAND/ TO
THE MEMORY OF/ HENRIETTA MARIA HAY/ DAUGHTER OF ROBERT HAY
ESQ/ OF LINPLEM EAST LOTHIAN/ SCOTLAND/ BORN 8
DEC/ 1842 DIED 9 FEB 1875
Her father, Robert Hay, of
Linplem, was an Egyptologist. He purchased the
former convent of Nunraw, but was ill-fitted for farming after
his years (1826-38) as a leader in an archaelogical expedition
to Egypt which yielded fruitful results for the British
Museum. He published (1840) a folio work entitled
'Illustrations of Cairo' and had brought home to Scotland the
slave captured by Ottoman Turks he ransomed in Alexandria,
Kalitza Psaraki, daughter of the chief magistrate in Crete, as
his wife. See http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200302/the.lost.portfolios.of.robert.hay.htm
in which we realize we have a companion tale to Champollion
and Rosellini's epedition to Egypt and Nubia, a companion tale
even to NADEZHDA DE SANTIS
(B58), echoed in HIRAM POWERS(B32) ' 'Greek Slave' and in
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING(B8)'s impassioned sonnet to
that sculpture.. When the purchase of Nunraw was finally
completed in 1860, Robert commenced extensive restoration work
on the house but he died in 1863 before completing it. His
son, Robert James Alexander Hay, then 23 - was at Cambridge -
where he took an M.A. The young Laird continued the work of
restoring the "castle", and thus in 1864 discovered the
painted ceiling, dating back to 1610. Like his father, R. J.
A. Hay was fond of travel and in 1875 brought home as his
bride from Florence Caterina Maria Teresia, third daughter of
Marchese di Monte Castello of Tuscany. When he inherited
Nunraw, the property was already burdened with large debts and
these soon increased. Eventually, in 1880, Mr. Hay decided to
break the entail and he was living in Florence with his wife
and children when the sale to Walter Wingate Gray, Esq., was
finally completed, while his sister lived at B8/ ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
and Robert Browning's Casa Guidi. (It
was republican Elizabeth Barrett Browning who
changed its name from Palazzo Guidi, opposite the
Palazzo Pitti, to 'Casa Guidi'. During these years
the family of ANNA
BROWN (E24), and that of
CHAPMAN STANSFIELD
MARSHALL (E148) also had
that address. One can only assume these families
had different apartments within the palace, while
using her naming for its cachet.) Miss
Hay dies a spinster, but with her married brother,
his Italian wife, and two nephews living nearby. Thus we see a
Tuscan connection with this Scottish family and we realize
that Henrietta Maria Hay herself, from her mother, is
half-Cretan, part Greek. The widow of William Hay, of the same
Clan Hay, FRANCES
ANNE (OGLE) HAY (F56),
lived at Lungarno 30.
Robert Hay, Egyptologist
Croce. Marmista
ignoto. Sec. XIX, post 2/1875. Ambito toscano. Croce in marmo,
recinto con colonne di pietra serena. [M: A: 164; L: 60; P:
49; R: A: 56; L: 91; P: 193.] Iscrizione sepolcrale
inglese incisa in lettere capitali e numeri arabi: TO THE
MEMORY OF/ HENRIETTA MARIA HAY/ DAUGHTER OF ROBERT HAY ESQ/ OF
LINPLEM [sic for Limplum] EAST LOTHIAN/ SCOTLAND/ BORN
8 DEC/ 1842 DIED 9 FEB 1875/ Eglise Evangelique-Reformée de Florence Régistre des
Morts: Henriette M. Hay, l'Ecosse, fille de Robert/
Records, Guildhall Library, London: GL23777/1 N° 481, Casa Guidi
Piazza San Felice, Burial 12/02, Rev Tottenham/ Registro alfabetico delle
tumulazione nel Cimitero di Pinti: Hay/ Enrichetta/
Roberto/ Inghilterra/ Firenze/ 9 Febbraio/ 1875/ Anni 32/ 1300. Chiesa
Evangelica Riformata Svizzera, 1827-present.
1886-1887 Frederick Douglass, ex-slave, visits Theodore Parker's Tomb in Florence; he also visits Mary Edmonia Lewis in her studio in Rome.
Frederick Douglass
visiting other tombs
1865 Abolition of
Slavery in the United States
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