SlaveryTombsapp.html©Julia Bolton Holloway In
italiano SchiavituTombeapp
SLAVERY AND
FLORENCE'S 'ENGLISH' CEMETERY
TO CELEBRATE 11 MAY 1887
Frederick Douglass, 1879
Florence's
so-called 'English' Cemetery, owned by the Swiss Evangelical
Reformed Church, has many persons buried here connected with
the history of slavery both in America and in Europe. Let us
walk in the footsteps of Frederick Douglass, American
ex-slave, who visited here, 11 May 1887. He would have
concentrated on the tombs of those he knew who worked against
the slavery of Afro-Americans, Elizabeth Barrett Browning,
Theodore Parker, and Richard Hildreth, and he wrote about them
beautifully in his handwritten diary which you can find on the
Library of Congress website: https://www.loc.gov/collections/frederick-douglass-papers/about-this-collection/ This will give you a guided tour of
these tombs and also of others connected with slavery not only
in America but also in Europe. For Europeans, especially Greek
women, were enslaved by the Turks, like Henrietta Mary Hay’s
mother, or English diplomats captured and tortured in Morocco,
like Hugh MacDonell, or Russian serfs, like the daughter of
the emancipated serf Varvara Il’nicna Kasincova, or the Roma,
who for centuries, were enslaved by the monasteries and nobles
in Romania, such as by Prince Joan Kantakuzin, and who then
suffered genocide in the Holocaust. Even the fifteen-year-old
Black slave from Nubia, her freedom bought by Rosellini’s
uncle, came to be buried here in her thirties with her
Christian name from her baptism in a Russian Orthodox family,
given as Nadezhda, Hope, her inscription written in beautiful
pre-Revolution Cyrillic on her tomb. Their stories are
manifested in the tombs, novels, poems and sculptures of those
buried here. Indeed the cemetery, itself abandoned and
neglected since 1877, was restored by Romanian ex-slave and
ex-Holocaust Roma, showcasing their ancestral skills as
gardeners and stonemasons, from the Jubilee year of 2000 on.
For further material see http://www.florin.ms/ironchain.html and http://www.florin.ms/ChapterLast.html
Much
recommended is the book by Professor Dennis Looney, Freedom
Readers: The African American Reception of Dante Alighieri and
the Divine Comedy, Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame
Press, 2011, because it was he who taught me under its King of
Prussia cross the importance of this aspect of Florence's
English Cemetery, linking together Frances Trollope, Hiram
Powers, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Theodore Parker, Richard
Hildreth and Frederick Douglass.
A60/ GYULA PULSZKY/ AUSTRIA/HUNGARY/
PULSZKY GYVLA/ SZBALOGON MART XXVII
MDCCCIL + FLORENCZBEN NOV XVIII MDCCCLXIII/ SIRATIAK
A KEDVES LEJAT/ SZULEI FERENCZ S TEREZ/ NAGY ANYJA
WALTER HENRIETTA/ TESTVEREI AGOST GABOR HARRIET
KAROLY POLYXENA GARIBALDI
The tombstone shows the boy flying to
heaven above the view of Florence from their Montughi
villa. One smiles at the
naming of the other children, including
'Garibaldi'. Pastor
Luigi Santini describes the father as a 'follower
of Kossuth who was sentenced to death in absentia
after the Hungarian Revolution, 1852. For two years
the father's salon in a villa in S. Margherita a
Montici was the liveliest in town. Widely read and
of democratic convictions, he financed the popular
newspaper Il Progresso. In 1864-65, Bakunin,
with whom he had long been in contact, stayed at his
home. He returned to Hungary in 1866'. The
parents, Ferenc and Teresa, publish a book on their
impressions of the United States, identifying in Solidarity
the conditions of African slaves in
America with that of Hungarians under Austria's imperial
rule, while travelling there with Kossuth, titled,
White, Red, Black. A year before his
son's death Ferenc Pulszky was fighting with Garibaldi at
Rome. Thomas
Adolphus Trollope, What I Remember, II.
233-243, quotes Franz Pulszky's letter to him, p.239,
naming his surviving children, Augustus, Charles,
Polixena, and Garibaldi, Anna
Tuskes sends the file of a book on Ferenz
Pulszky, Luca Bernardini discusses him in a CBIII
conference paper. The father's strange tomb in
Budapest copies an archeological find.
Ferenc Pulszky His own tomb,
Budapest
The
Pulszky's jointly-written book, White, Red, Black,
about the United States is available on Google Books and
Hathi Trust and was published by the Negro University
Press for its importance in discussing Black/White
relationships in America during slavery, observed
first-hand and sympatheically from the viewpoint of
National Liberationism.
F53/ HENRIETTA MARIA HAY/
SCOTLAND/ TO THE MEMORY
OF/ HENRIETTA MARIA HAY/ DAUGHTER OF ROBERT HAY ESQ/ OF
LINPLEM EAST LOTHIAN/ SCOTLAND/ BORN 8 DEC/ 1842 DIED
9 FEB 1875
Then on our right hand side we find the tombs of the Hay
family, F53, Henrietta Maria Hay, being the daughter of the
Scottish Egyptologist Robert Hay, who bought her mother,
Kalitza Psaraki in the Turkish slave market in Alexandria and
married her, their daughter coming to live in, B8, ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING’s Casa Guidi, along with, E24, ANNA BROWN and E148, CHAPMAN
STANSFIELD MARSHALL.
Robert Hay, Egyptologist
E29/ WILLIAM SOMERVILLE/
SCOTLAND/ WILLIAM
SOMERVILLE/ ELDEST SON OF THE HISTORIAN OF QUEEN ANNE/ BORN
AT MINTO ROXBURGHSHIRE/ 22 APRIL 1771/ DIED AT FLORENCE 25
JUNE 1860/ GOD WILL REDEEM MY LIFE FROM/ THE POWER OF THE
GRAVE 49 PSALM
His
father's death is noted in Bell's Weekly Messenger,
February 28, 1830, as the author of many books against
slavery. The son, a surgeon in the army, eventually doctor at
Chelsea Hospital, buried here married the Scottish
mathematician and astronomer Mary Somerville who predicted the
existence of Neptune and Pluto. Mary Somerville encouraged Ada
Byron, Countess Lovelace (Lord Byron's daughter), in her
pursuit of mathematics, Ada Byron and Charles Babbage creating
the modern computer. Mary Somerville's bust is honoured in the
Royal Society of which her husband and her son were made
members. She died in her late nineties lamenting she would not
live to see the end of slavery. She is buried in Naples'
Cimitero degli Inglesi, beneath her life-size figure sculpted
by the young Calabrian sculptor, Francesco Gerace, There would
be space for the tomb of Mary Somerville and her daughters
opposite that of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. In Naples it
lacks the plaque and no one knows who she is.
William Somerville
Mary Somerville, Naples
Florence
E11P/ E56/ (152) 840/ CHILDREN OF ELIZABETH AND HIRAM POWERS/
FLORENCE// FRANCES// JAMES// CHILDREN OF ELIZABETH AND HIRAM POWERS
At first the Powers family
planned on coming home to America and Hiram kept Frances'
embalmed body in readiness for the voyage. Then, realizing
they would not likely return, they elected to bury these three
children in Florence's 'English' Cemetery, the father
designing the severe heavy 'ohalim' tomb, which his son
Preston Powers would later copy for that for his father, B32 HIRAM
POWERS
in Sector B. The face of five-year-old
James Gibson Powers is of great sweetness, reminding one of
Arnolfo di Cambio's sculpted face for the Virgin as child and
soul. Later, Hiram Powers, as American Consul, wrote to E7/ FRANCIS
ALLEN WOODALL's widow in
Kentucky about the cemetery where her husband and his children
lie: 'Mr Woodall's grave is in the same cemetery where three
of my own children are buried. A more beautiful spot could
hardly be found. It is against the outer wall of the city and
it looks more like a beautiful garden than a place of the
dead. In the spring and summer the place blooms with flowers,
and even in winter there are some roses lingering over the
graves. . . . I indeed go to the graves of my children and my
tears fall upon their graves while I look up, giving to earth
her just tribute . . . She may claim our bodies but not our
souls'. Their mother,
Elizabeth Gibson Powers, and the other children, Nicholas
Longworth Powers, Louisa Greenough Powers, Georgiana Rose
Powers, and William Preston Powers are buried in the
Allori Cemetery, the remains of Preston (who sculpted B32 HIRAM
POWERS
and B37
LILLIE NYE's
tombs, now lying in their Ossario Comune.
James Gibson Powers, plaster cast bust from death mask
made by his father, in Smithsonian
Monumento a punta di diamante, 'ohalim'. Scultore: Hiram Powers. Sec.
XIX, post 7/1863. Ambito toscano. Marmo
sporco, intervento conservativo sul ferro Daniel Dumitrescu,
2008. Intervento di pulitura,
Daniel-Claudiu Dumitrescu, 2012. [M: A: 21;
L: 165.5; P: 106.5; P.s. A: L: 156.7; P: 98; RO.s.F:
A: 100; L: 262; P: 204.] FLORENCE POWERS/ AMERICA/ Iscrizione sepolcrale inglese incisa in piombo in
capitali: FLORENCE/ Eglise Evangelique-Reformée de
Florence Régistre des Morts: Florence Povers,
l'Amérique, fille de Hiram Povers et de Elisabeth/ II: 1859-1865
'Registre des Sepultures avec detail des frais, Francs 414.55/
Records, Guildhall Library, London: G23777/1 N° 331, Burial
01/08, Rev Pendleton/ Registro
alfabetico delle persone tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti:
Powers/ Firenze/ Hiram/ America/ Firenze/ 30 Luglio/ 1863/ Anni
17/ 840/ FRANCES AUGUSTINA POWERS/ AMERICA/ Iscrizione sepolcrale inglese incisa in piombo in
capitali: FRANCES/ Eglise Evangelique-Reformée de
Florence Régistre des Morts: Françoise Povers,
l'Amérique, fille de Hiram Povers et de Elisabeth/ Records,
Guildhall Library, London: G23777/1 N° 332, Burial 03/08/63, Rev
Pendleton/ Registro
alfabetico delle persone tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti:
Powers/ Francesca Agostina/ Hiram/ America/ Firenze/ 29 Luglio/
1857/ Anni 8/ 842/ body embalmed to send to America, then
retained in Florence/ / JAMES
GIBSON POWERS/ AMERICA/ Iscrizione sepolcrale inglese
incisa in piombo in capitali: JAMES/ Eglise Evangelique-Reformée de Florence Régistre des
Morts: James Gibson Povers,
l'Amerique, fil de Hiram Povers et de Elisabeth/ Records,
Guildhall Library, London: G23777/1
N°333, Burial 03/08/63, Rev. Pendleton/ Registro
alfabetico delle persone tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti:
Powers/ Giacomo Gibson/ Hiram/ America/
Firenze/ 4 Marzo/ 1838/ Anni 5/ 841/ 'this body had been
embalmed for the purpose of being conveyed to America but is
finnaly buried in this cemetery'/ Iscrizione
sepolcrale inglese incisa in piombo in capitali:
CHILDREN OF ELIZABETH AND HIRAM POWERS/ II: 1859-1865
'Registre des Sepultures avec detail des frais, Francs 422.05/ N&Q 357.
Francis, Florence, James, children of Elizabeth and Hiram Powers
(No date). Pulitura, Dumitrescu, 2012. Chiesa Evangelica Riformata Svizzera,
1827-present.
Mediatheca 'Fioretta Mazzei' holdings, TAU
E13O/ E57/
1172/ LADY GEORGINA
HACKING HAMILTON SEWELL/ ENGLAND/
IN MEMORY OF
GEORGINA HACKING SEWELL/ WIDOW OF GEN. SIR W.H. SEWELL K.C.B.
WHO FELL ASLEEP ON 1 MAY 1872//1172
She dies
at Richmond but arranges to have her body brought to Florence
to lie beside her husband.
Tomba in forma di croce. Marmista ignoto. Sec. XIX, post 5/1872.
Ambito toscano. Tomba in pietra serena in forma di croce
orizzontale. Intervento di restauro conservativo, allievi della Scuola per l'Arte ed il
Restauro di Palazzo Spinelli, 2001. Fondi dai
discendenti. Intervento
conservativo sul ferro Daniel Dumitrescu, 2008. [P.s. A: 34; L: 61; P: 193; RP.s.F: A: 100;
L: 234; P: 354.] Iscrizione
sepolcrale in inglese incisa in lettere capitali e numeri
arabi: IN MEMORY OF GEORGINA HACKING
SEWELL/ WIDOW OF GEN. SIR W.H. SEWELL K.C.B. WHO FELL ASLEEP
ON 1 MAY 1872//1172/ IV: 1871-1875
'Registre des Sepultures' avec detail des frais, Francs 391, B, plot b y N° 778, and N°
1172/ Records, Guildhall Library, London: GL23777/1 N° 439,
Burial 10/06, age 62, Blenheim Villas Richmond/ Registro alfabetico delle persone
tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti: Sewell/ Giorgina/ /
Inghilterra/ Londra/ / / 1172/ +/
N&Q 358 Georgina
Hacking Sewell, his wid., ob. 1 May, 1872. Chiesa Evangelica Riformata Svizzera,
1827-present.
E12O/ E58/ 778/ SIR WILLIAM HENRY SEWELL/ ENGLAND/ Beneath this sacred
symbol of salvation repose the mortal remains of/ General Sir
William Henry Sewell, C.B., Colonel of 79 Highlanders/ who
departed this life at Florence on/ the 13 March 1862// Blessed
are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth/ Yea, saith
the Saviour, . . . rest from their Labours And their Works do
follow them./ Rev. 14. 13 verse//778
Waterloo
Committee: SEWELL, William Henry/ Brevet
Major, 16th (Queen's) Light Dragoons; Ensign 60th Foot 1806,
Exchanged to 16th Light Dragoons 1806. Lt 1807. Capt 1812.
Capt 6oth Foot 1813. Bt Major Mar 1814. Lt Colonel 1817.
Colonel 1837. Major General 1846. Lt General 1854./ Served in
the Peninsula Aug 1808 - Jan 1809 and Mar 1809 - May 1812. On
the Staff of the Portuguese Army May 1812 - Apr 1814. Served
throughout the campaign as ADC to Lord Beresford. Present at
the Corunna campaign, Talavera, Coa, Agueda, Busaco, Cuidad
Rodrigo, Badajoz, San Sebastian, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes,
Bayonne and Toulouse. MGS , medal with ten clasps for Corunna,
Talavera, Busaco, Cuidad Rodrigo, Badajoz, San Sebastian,
Nivelle, Nive, Orthes and Toulouse. CB. Also in Maida and
South America, 1807, on the staff of Lord Beresford. Commanded
a Portuguese Cavalry regiment 1816. From 1828 - 54 served in
India as Deputy Master General, then in command at Bangalore,
then divisional commander at Madras and finally
Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army. Returned to England in
1854 and became Colonel of the 79th Cameron Highlanders. Made
KCB in 1861. Retired in 1856. Educated at Westminster and
Eton, he was W.H. Robertson. On entering the army he took the
name of Sewell. Reference: Jameson, Robert. Historical record
of the 79th Regiment of Foot, or Cameron Highlanders. 1863'.
P. 136. Sewell descendants note he was godson and natural son
of King William IV and that Queen Victoria kept him out of the
country. Captain Jack Sewell rang the Cemetery's bell in 1945
to see the tombs and took this photograph. I have insisted on
preserving this bell intact and in working order, and I have
the children burying their parents ring it in order for them
to have some control over the chaos at that moment in their
lives. In the photograph one can still see the chalice intact
on the tomb sculpted by Felicie de Fauveau for E48 SIR
CHARLES LYON HERBERT's tomb. One can
also see the damage done by a rusting paperclip. Here is part
of his letter home to England:
Dearest
People, . . . At the moment I'm on leave in Florence &
enjoying it a lot. . . I found the General's grave yesterday
and his wife's side by side, & took a photo. . . I don't
suppose another member of the family will have the opportunity
for a long time. What I did decipher was as follows:- 'Beneath
this sacred symbol of salvation repose the mortal remains of
Gen. Sir. W.H.S., K.E.B., Colonel of 79 Highlanders, who
departed this life at Florence 13th March 1862. His wife
Georgina Hacking, died on 1 May 1872. His tomb is No 778. The
graveyard is in the centre of the Piazza Donatello, in the
main boulevard, the Viale Principe Amadeo, Viale Principe
Eugenio. It took some time to find the grave once I had looked
up the caretaker's book & found his name, as there was no
plan . . . The grave is on the right of the central pathway as
you go toward the centre of the cemetery, about 5 yards from
the path, & almost opposite E.B.B.'s . . . It is closed to
the dead now, but the living may enter by pulling on the bell
rope at the main gate & waiting till the caretaker or his
wife comes to open.
Captain
Jack Sewell, 1945
Tomba in forma di croce. Marmista ignoto. Sec. XIX, post 4/1872.
Ambito toscano. Tomba in forma di croce orizzontale.
Intervento conservativo sulla pietra serena allievi della Scuola per l'Arte ed il Restauro di Palazzo Spinelli, 2001. Fondi da
parte dei discendenti. Intervento conservativo sul ferro Daniel
Dumitrescu, 2008. [P.s. A: 34; L: 61; P: 193; RP.s.F: A: 100; L:
234; P: 354.] Iscrizione
sepolcrale in inglese incisa in lettere capitali e non, e
numeri arabi: Beneath this sacred symbol of
salvation repose the mortal remains of/ General Sir William
Henry Sewell, C.B., Colonel of 79 Highlanders/ who departed this
life at Florence on/ the 13 March 1862// Blessed are the dead
which die in the Lord from henceforth/ Yea, saith the Saviour, .
. . rest from their Labours And their Works do follow them./
Rev. 14. 13 verse//778/ Eglise
Evangelique-Reformée de Florence Régistre des Morts: Sir
W.H. Sewell, l'Angleterre, Géneral/ II: 1859-1865
'Registre des Sepultures avec detail des frais, Francs 575/
Records, Guildhall Library, London: GL23777/1 N° 309, Burial
15/03, Rev O'Neill/ Registro
alfabetico delle persone tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti:
Sewell/ Gen. Giuseppe Enrico/ / Inghilterra/ Firenze/ 13 Marzo/
1862/ Anni 72/ 778/ + / See also James Bansfield (E12O 771), Homan
Mulock (E12O 727) tomb
entries/ N&Q 358. General Sir Wm. Henry Sewell,
K.C.B., Colonel of 79th Highlanders, ob. 13 March, 1862/ Waterloo
Committee/°Tom & Jack Sewell. Chiesa
Evangelica Riformata Svizzera, 1827-present.
See waterloo.html,
Mediatheca 'Fioretta Mazzei' holding, TAU
E12O/ E59/ 771/
JAMES BANSFIELD/ ENGLAND/ "NOT NOW AS A SERVANT ABOVE A SERVANT
A BROTHER BELOVED" PHILEMON 16 VERSE/ SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF
JAMES BANSFIELD PRIVATE IN THE 11TH HUSSARS/ WHO DEPARTED THIS
LIFE ON THE 11TH OF JANUARY 1862/ HE WAS FOR 20 YEARS THE FAITHFUL
AND DEVOTED SERVANT OF GENERAL SIR W.H. SEWELL K.C.B. BY WHOSE
WIDOW THIS TOMB WAS RAISED// 771
His tomb and that of King William IV's son's wife(E57/ LADY
GEORGINA HACKING HAMILTON SEWELL) lie
on either side of the king's natural son(E58/ SIR WILLIAM HENRY SEWELL),
each being equal. We witness amongst many of these
tombs the great affection and respect their masters and
mistresses paid to servants under their roof: CHARLES CROSBIE, A20
to MARY DUVALL,
A80;
the friends of the late
WILLIAM
READER, A23 to HENRY AUSTIN,
E34; FRANCES
(MILTON) TROLLOPE,
B80, THEODOSIA
(GARROW) TROLLOPE,
B85, and HARRIET THEODOSIA FISHER (GARROW),
C77, to ELIZABETH SHINNER, C71; ISABELLA BOUILLON LANZONI, D29, to ANNA ROFFY, C61; SIR WILLIAM HENRY SEWELL,
E58, to JAMES BANSFIELD, E59; Prince
Demidoff to GEORGE FREDERIC WAIHINGER, E64;
Rosina Buonarotti Simoni to MARY ANNE
SALISBURY, F2.
Croce orizzontale. Marmista ignoto. Sec. XIX, post 1/1862. Ambito
toscano. Croce orizzontale in
pietra serena entro recinto in pietra serena e ferro, recinto
condiviso con i sepolcri dei Sewell, intervento conservativo
sulla pietra serena allievi della Scuola per l'Arte ed il
Restauro di Palazzo Spinelli, 2000, intervento conservativo sul
ferro Daniel Dumitrescu, 2008. [P.s. A: 31; L: 194; P: 69.5;
RP.s.F: A: 100; L: 234; P: 354.] Iscrizione sepolcrale in lingua inglese incisa in lettere
capitali e numeri arabi: "NOT NOW AS A
SERVANT ABOVE A SERVANT A BROTHER BELOVED" PHILEMON 16 VERSE/
SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF JAMES BANSFIELD PRIVATE IN THE 11TH
HUSSARS/ WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE ON THE 11TH OF JANUARY 1862/ HE
WAS FOR 20 YEARS THE FAITHFUL
AND DEVOTED SERVANT OF GENERAL SIR W.H. SEWELL K.C.B. BY WHOSE
WIDOW THIS TOMB WAS RAISED// 771/ Eglise Evangelique-Reformée de Florence Régistre des
Morts: James Bansfield, l'Angleterre/ II: 1859-1865
'Registre des Sepultures avec detail des frais, Paoli 637/
Records, Guildhall Library, London: GL23777/1 N° 306/ cause of
death, bronchitis, Burial 13/01, Rev O'Neill/ Registro
alfabetico delle persone tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti:
71. Bansfield/ Giacomo/ / Inghilterra/ Firenze/ 11 Gennaio/
1862/ Anni 49/ 771/ See
Sewell, Mulock, E12O, tombs/ N&Q 358
James Bansfield, late private in 13th Hussars, for 20 years
servant of General Sir W. H. Sewell, ob. 11 Jan., 1862/°=Tom &
Jack Sewell. Chiesa Evangelica Riformata Svizzera,
1827-present.
E12O/ E60/ 727/ HOMAN MULOCK/ IRELAND/
[HOMAN MULOCK, SON
OF THOMAS HOMAN AND
FRANCES SOPHIA MULLOCK, OF BELLAIR, KING'S COUNTY, IRELAND,
DIED 21 APRIL 1861, AT 14]
His father, Thomas Homan Mulock, a physician,
educated in Dublin at the Royal College of Surgeons and the
Medical School of Trinity College, died young, and the
family, twelve children in all, lived in genteel poverty. A
sister, Elizabeth Georgina, three years earlier, marries a
member of the Bengal Artillery at Villa Normanby. Another
sister, Hester, four years later, marries Alfred Austin,
Poet Laureate, who will publish B42/ ISABELLA
BLAGDEN's
poems. Wikipedia: 'On
14 November 1865 Austin married Hester Jane Homan-Mulock,
tenth child of Thomas Homan-Mulock and Frances Sophia Berry
at Marylebone Parish Church, London. In his Autobiography,
Austin gives a curious account of their first meeting with
her. Seeing the photograph of a young lady in an album
belonging to a friend in Florence, he had asked: ‘Who is
that?’ and received the reply, ‘The girl you ought to marry,
if you can.’ Austin brought home a letter of introduction,
the presentation of which led to his receiving at his
cottage in Hertfordshire two of the Misses Mulock and their
chaperon, together with their friend T.A. Trollope, brother
of Anthony Trollope. At the second visit Hester became
engaged to Alfred. Throughout his career as journalist and
writer Austin derived constant help and support from his
wife. She died suddenly on 23 September 1929 at her
residence in Kensington'. A
relative became Sir William Mulock, a lawyer,
educator, politician, in Canada: Wikipedia.
This
consumptive 14 year-old is the first burial in a plot
purchased by E58/ SIR
WILLIAM HENRY SEWELL, a natural son of King
William IV of England. Is this an act of charity by the General
or by Elizabeth Georgina Mulock's husband, or by both? The
widowed, orphaned Mulocks would have been unlikely to have paid
these costly funeral expenses. The Webbs note that it is also
the first entry in the Guildhall Library Register with the
simple heading 'Tuscany', now merely a province in the Kingdom
of Italy and no longer its capital. Notes and Queries
supplies the now lost inscription.
Lastra. Marmista ignoto. Sec. XIX, post 4/1861. Ambito toscano.
Lastra in marmo, rialzata su
basamento in pietra, marmo molto eroso. Recinto in pietra serena
e ferro condiviso con i sepolcri dei Sewell. [M: A: 2; L: 61.5;
P: 137; P.s. A: 18; L: 73; P: 146; RP.s.F: A: 100; L:
234; P: 354.] Iscrizione andata perduta, N&Q: [HOMAN MULOCK,
SON OF THOMAS
HOMAN AND FRANCES SOPHIA MULLOCK, OF BELLAIR,
KING'S COUNTY, IRELAND, DIED 21 APRIL 1861, AT 14],
identificabile solo dal
numero '727'. Eglise Evangelique-Reformée de
Florence Régistre des Morts: Homan Mulock, l'Angleterre,
fils de Homan Mulock et de Frances Sophia/ II: 1859-1865
'Registre des Sepultures avec detail des frais, Paoli 637/ Q 447:
360 Paoli, includes 55 Paoli for English Church's tax/ Records, Guildhall Library,
London: GL23777/1 N° 290 Burial 23/04, Rev O'Neill, consumption;
Marriage relative, G20776 N° 144 01/06/58 Peter MacFarlane Syme to
Elizabeth Georgina Mulock at HBM (Normanby) groom esq 1st lieut
Bengal Artillery, 4 Mulocks as witnesses, Rev O'Neill/ Registro alfabetico delle persone
tumulate nel Cimitero di Pinti: Mulock/ Homan/ Tommas H./
Inghilterra/ Firenze/ 21 Aprile/ 1861/ Anni 14/ 727/ See Sewell/ N&Q
359. Homan Mulock, s. of Thos. Homan and Frances Sophia Mulock, of
Bellair, King's Co., Ireland, ob. 21 Ap., 1861, a. 14/°=Robert
Hughes Mullock. Chiesa Evangelica Riformata Svizzera,
1827-present.
See Mediatheca 'Fioretta Mazzei'
holdings, TAU
for Thomas Adolphus Trollope, What I Remember, Isa
Blagden, Poems, ed. Alfred Austin
B8/ ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING/ JAMAICA/ENGLAND/ E.B.B./
OB.1861// FRANCESCO GIOVANNOZZI FECE
For further material on Elizabeth
Barrett Browning see http://www.florin.ms. She was the daughter of a wealthy,
then impoverished, Jamaican slave owner and herself part
Black, who wrote, among other poems, The Runaway Slave at
Pilgrim’s Point, and the impassioned sonnet against
slavery addressed to Hiram Powers’ statue of the Greek Slave.
Her father had published her Battle of Marathon when
she was twelve, the family's slave Treppy, her Essay on
Mind, when she was twenty. Robert Browning and Count
Cottrell, knowing Treppy had inherited wealth Elizabeth's
grandfather, the plantation owner of Cinnamon Hill in Jamaica,
bilked her out of her money and Treppy went mad, Elizabeth
frantically writing to her sisters to help her, Robert
forbidding her to tell her brothers, her sisters having no
access to funds.
Leighton
Sketch Book XXXV, Royal Academy Library
__
__
Greek
Lyre Christian
Harp Hebrew Harp
Pan
Cross Jubilee
with Broken Slave Shackle
B80/ FRANCES (MILTON) TROLLOPE/ ENGLAND/ FRANCESCAE TROLLOPE/ QUOD MORTALE
FUIT/ HIC IACET/ .
. . / MEMORIA/ NULLUM MARMOR QUAERIT/ APUD STAPLETON/ IN
AGRO SOMERSET ANGLORUM/ A.D. 1780 NATA/ FLORENTIAE/ TUMULUM
A.D.1863/ NACTA EST
On 28 December 1827, the ship
'Edward' had set sail from the Port of London for the Port of
New Orleans. On board were Frances Trollope, 40, Cecilia
Trollope, 12, Emily Trollope, 10, Henry Trollope, 14, all
English, Frances Wright, 28, American, and August Hervieu, 23,
French. Frances Wright, associated with Lafayette, had invited
the Trollopes to Nashoba where she had a settlement for the
education of Negro slaves. Auguste Hervieu, a brilliant young
artist, was the children's tutor and companion. With them also
were Hester Rust and William Abbott, their servants. Often
Hervieu had to sell his art to feed and house them all'. In
Cincinatti she had engaged the young B32/ HIRAM POWERS to do Dante's Commedia in wax, starting his
career as a sculptor. On the family's return to England, she
published The Domestic Manners of the Americans and Jonathan
Jefferson Whitlaw. Later she also publsihed Michael
Armstrong, Factory Boy. Her son's autobiography, What
I Remember (London, 1887), is a window on cosmopolitan
and cultured Victorian Florence.
On the
back of EBB's tomb we see Leighton's harp of the Exodus with
the broken slave shacle, celebrating her work against slavery.
B65/ 268/ EDWARD PORTEUS/ ENGLAND
This Waterloo participant's uncle
Bishop of London Beilby Porteus, of Scottish ancestry, was
from Virginia, an Anglican divine deeply opposed to
slavery: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilby_Porteus.
The Guardian has recently noted that the family
when in Virginia, were themselves slave-owners. Edward
Porteus has married an Italian wife and has only one
surviving son. The tomb was badly vandalized but is now
well restored and cleaned by Daniel-Claudiu Dumitrescu and
Nicolai Ovrei.
B97/ HUGH
MACDONELL/ SCOTLAND/ CANADA/ SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF HUGH MACDONELL ESQ DIED
AT FLORENCE ON THE 3RD JUNE 1847
JLMaquay, Diaries 5/6/1847 'Saturday Attended the
funeral of Mr Hugh MacDonell this morning at 6, fine weather
and a large attendance. Bank & home for the remainder of
the day.' Webbs note that he was a young Jacobite exile, who
emigrated to America with his father and uncles, 1773, moving
to Canada after US Independence, returning to England, 1804,
becoming Consul at Algiers, 1813-1820, marrying in 1815 as
second wife Ida Louise Ullic, daughter of Danish Consul. In
1816 he was arrested, tortured and enslaved by the Dey of
Algiers, leading to the bombardment by Lord Exmouth, the
father of A112 ADMIRAL THE HON. FLEETWOOD
BROUGHTON REYNOLDS PELLEW who is
buried in Sector A. Their daughter Ida married the Austrian B96/ FREDERICK ADOLPH KLEINKAUF, an officer in the Emperor's army, during
the Austrian occupation of Tuscany, their baby daughter, named
Ida in turn, dying six hours after her birth. Thus the name
'Ida' is shared through three generations. Another daughter, B135/ LOUISE CATHERINE ADELAIDE (MACDONELL) CUMBERLAND, born in Algiers, buried near by, is noted as
having as parents Hugh and Ida MacDonell. While yet another
daughter, Emily became the wife of the Marquis d'Aguado, one
of the richest men in Spain, and was a lady in waiting to the
Empress Eugenie of France. Their father bought the Oltrarno
ex-convent, the Casa Annalena, and he appointed the Polish
princes Poniatowski and the Marchese Luigi Torrigiani as
guardians for his minor children, while his wife would marry
the Duc de Talleyrand, Tallyrand's nephew, following his
death.
B32/ HIRAM POWERS/ AMERICA/ HIRAM POWERS/
DIED JUNE 27TH 1873/ AGED 68/
Pastore Luigi
Santini: 'Hiram Powers (1805-1873), an American, came to
Florence in 1837 to study and work, and settled in Via
Serragli, the artists' street of the day, with his wife and
two children. He earned an international reputation for his
statuary, for which he liked to choose the marble and
supervise its quarrying himself, and he received considerable
acclaim for the busts he did of several presidents of the
United States. The cemetery also contains evidence of his
grief: James (+1838), Frances (+1857) and Florence (+1857),
his children, who died at five, eight and seventeen years of
age in this their adopted land (E56)'. Frederic Leighton studied at
Florence's Accademia di Belle Arti; Hiram Powers was a
professor of sculpture there. B8/ ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING,, who wrote of his American Indian eyes, writes
an impassioned sonnet to his 'Greek Slave', which was
exhibited at the centre of the 1851 Crystal Palace Exhibition,
in which she draws the analogy also to American enslavement of
Africans, Russian enslavement of serfs. This book's title uses
a line from the poem on the statue. Hiram Powers' 'The Last of
Her Tribe', shows a Native American woman fleeing her captors.
Every detail is observed down to the delicate sewing of the
mocassins. The theme repeats that of 'The Greek Slave', a
woman representing freedom against male oppressors. Hiram
Powers' statue of America is more truly American and more
beautiful than the Statue of Liberty, the gift of France, but
was rejected by Congress before the Civil War because she
tramples on slave chains. It burned in a warehouse fire. This
plaster cast was discovered in his Florentine studio in 1966,
along with many others, which were purchased by museums in
Washington, D.C. Among Powers' other works is the head of the
Princess Matilde Buonaparte Demidoff. Hiram Powers' sculpture
career had begun with his modelling Dante's Commedia in wax in
Cincinatti, Ohio, for B80/ FRANCES
(MILTON) TROLLOPE. Near Hiram Powers' tomb is that of
B58/ KALIMA
NADEZHDA DE SANTIS, a black Nubian slave baptized
Orthodox (Nadezhda' meaning 'Hope'), who died in Florence in
freedom. A similar story is manifested with F53/ HENRIETTA
MARIA HAY, whose Greek mother's freedom was
purchased by the Scots Egyptologist, Robert Hay, in the slave
market of Alexandria, and whom he married on Malta in 1828.
Margaret Fuller's death, along with her husband and baby in
the shipwreck of the Elizabeth off Fire Island was partly
caused by the colossal statue by Hiram Powers in its hold.
Sophia Hawthorne describes Hiram Powers movingly in her diary.
Nathanael Hawthorne observed him and his studio for the
writing of The Marble Faun. He acted as an unpaid American Consul, for which see James Lorimer
Graham, Consular Records. The tombs of B42/ ISABELLA
BLAGDEN, B98/ MAJOR FRANCIS CHARLES GREGORIE, B99/ REVD GEORGE BRICKDALE CROSSMAN, B32/ HIRAM POWERS, B103/ ELEANOR AUGUSTA TULK, B131/ HONOURABLE
FRANCES TOLLEY, as spiritualists and
Swedenborgians, are all clustered together near that of
Nadezhda, the Nubian/Russian former slave. Powers' son,
Preston, also became a sculptor (B37), while another son,
Longworth, became a photographer. Hiram Powers' wife,
Elizabeth Gibson Powers, and other children, Nicholas
Longworth Powers, Louisa Greenough Powers, Georgiana Rose
Powers, and William Preston Powers are all buried in the
Allori Cemetery, the remains of Preston (who sculpted Lily
Nye's tomb) now lying in their Ossario Comune.
Contemporary
Photograph in the Diary of Susan Horner, 1861-1862. See
entries for Horner and Zileri family members.
Greek Slave
Last of her Tribe
America
WhiteSilence Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 'Hiram
Powers' Greek Slave' 1850
Click on WhiteSilence to hear
the poem read aloud.
They say
Ideal Beauty cannot enter
The house of anguish. On the threshold stands
An alien Image with the shackled hands,
Called the Greek Slave: as if the sculptor meant her,
(That passionless perfection which he lent her,
Shadowed, not darkened, where the sill expands)
To, so, confront men’s crimes in different lands,
With man’s ideal sense. Pierce to the centre,
Art’s fiery finger! - and break up erelong
The serfdom of this world! Appeal, fair stone,
From God’s pure heights of beauty, against man’s wrong!
Catch up in thy divine face, not alone
East griefs but west, - and strike and shame the strong,
By thunders of white silence, overthrown!
B58/ KALIMA NADEZHDA DE SANTIS/ NUBIA/RUSSIA/
Kalima, born
in Nubia, a black slave, was brought to Florence in 1827 when
she was 14, her freedom purchased by Rosellini's uncle of the
Champollion and Rosellini Expedition, who was baptised
'Nadezhda', 'Hope', in a Russian Orthodox family, and who died
a lady in Florence. Her tomb with the only Orthodox cross in
the cemetery, the Swiss forbidding any cross other than the
plain Latin one. The Russian Orthodox cross has the third and
slanting bar to signify the salvation of the Good Thief, the
damnation of the Bad Thief, at the Crucifixion. The
inscription in Cyrillic telling her story is near that of B32/ HIRAM POWERS, American, and part
Native American, sculptor of the 'Greek Slave', and also near
that of B93/ HOPE
HAYWARD, 'OUR HOPE', while in Sector E we have the great
statue of Hope by Odoardo Fantacchiotti, E25/ SAMUEL
REGINALD ROUTH. Nadezhda exemplifies the spirit of
the Cemetery, the Abolition of Slavery, the ending of young
children's employment in mines and factories, the freeing of
women, the freeing of nations. A very similar story is
manifested with F53/ HENRIETTA
MARIA HAY, whose
Greek mother, Kalitza Psaraki, captured by Ottoman Turks in
the Greek War of Independence, was purchased in Alexandria's
slave market by the Scots Egyptologist, Robert Hay, and whom
he married on Malta in 1828. Nubian Kalima's death at 38
occurs in the year of the Crystal Palace Exhibition in London,
in the centre of which was Hiram Powers' 'Greek Slave'.
Rosellini and
Champollion Expedition to Egypt and Nubia
D81/ JOAN I. KANTAKUZIN/
MOLDOVA/ROMANIA/
Descended from an Emperor of Constantinople, a Prince of
Greece, Moldavia, Poland and Russia, he was an owner of Roma
slaves, he died when a friend and guest of Prince Demidoff. A
Romeo and Juliet story of a double suicide between a
Frenchwoman and one of his Roma slaves, forbidden to marry
each other by law, along with the translation of Harriet
Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin into
Romanian, started the liberation of the Roma in that country.
His tomb is in the same style as that for PAUL POLIDORE
VENTURA, D83.
D108/ THEODORE PARKER/ UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA/ THEODORE
PARKER/ THE GREAT AMERICAN PREACHER/ BORN AT LEXINGTON
MASSACHUSETTS/ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA/ AUGUST 24TH 1810/
DIED AT FLORENCE ITALY/ MAY 10 1860/ HIS NAME IS ENGRAVED IN
MARBLE/ HIS VIRTUES IN THE HEARTS OF THOSE HE/ HELPED TO
FREE FROM SLAVERY/ AND SUPERSTITION
Pastore Luigi
Santini: 'Born of a modest family in Lexington, Massachusetts,
he studied at Harvard Divinity School, specializing in a study
of German theology. He was drawn to the ideas of Coleridge,
Carlyle and Emerson. In 1842 his doubts led him to an open
break with orthodox theology: he stressed the immediacy of God
and saw the Church as a communion looking upon Christ as the
supreme expression of God. He organized the first
congregations, called Unitarian, in Boston, and participated
in the fight for the abolition of slavery. Seriously ill, he
sought refuge in Florence because of his friendship with the
Brownings, Isa Blagden and F.P. Cobbe, but died scarcely a
month following his arrival. Frances P. Cobbe collected and
published his writings in 14 volumes; his compatriot John Hart
made the original simple tombstone'. This is what Frederick
Douglass published on him:
Next to Rome, in point of interest to
me, is the classic city of Florence, and thither we went from
the Eternal City. One might never tire of what is here to be
seen. The first thing Mrs. Douglass and I did, on our arrival
in Florence, was to visit the grave of Theodore Parker and at
the same time that of Elizabeth Barrett Browning (B8). The preacher and the poet lie near
each other. The soul of each was devoted to liberty. The brave
stand taken by Theodore Parker during the antislavery conflict
endeared him to my heart, and naturally enough the spot made
sacred by his ashes was the first to draw me to its side. He
had a voice for the slave when nearly all the pulpits of the
land were dumb. Looking upon the little mound of earth that
covered his dust, I felt the pathos of his simple grave. It
did not seem well that the remains of the great American
preacher should rest thus in a foreign soil, far away from the
hearts and hands which would gladly linger about it and keep
it well adorned with flowers. Than Theodore Parker no man was
more intensely American. Broad as the land in his sympathy
with mankind, he was yet a loving son of New England and
thoroughly Bostonian in his thoughts, feelings, and
activities. The liberal thought which he taught had in his
native land its natural home and largest welcome, and I
therefore felt that his dust should have been brought here. It
was in his pulpit that I made my first antislavery speech in
Roxbury. That its doors opened to me in that dark period was
due to him. I remember, too, his lovingkindness when I was
persecuted for my change of opinion as to political action.
Theodore Parker never joined that warfare upon me. He loved
Mr. Garrison, but was not a Garrisonian. He worked with the
sects, but was not a sectarian. His character was cast in a
mold too large to be pressed into a form or reform less broad
than humanity. He would shed his blood as quickly for a black
fugitive slave pursued by human hounds as for a white
President of the United States. He was the friend of the
non-voting and non-resistant class of abolitionists, but not
less the friend of Henry Wilson, Charles Sumner, Gerrit Smith,
and John Brown. He was the large and generous brother of all
men, honestly endeavoring to bring about the abolition of
Negro slavery. It has lately been attempted to class him with
the contemners of the Negro. Could that be established, it
would convict him of duplicity and hypocrisy of the most
revolting kind. But his whole life and character are in direct
contradiction to that assumption.
While he had
written the following in his diary:
My first incursion here was to see the grave of Theodore
Parker in the Protestant Cemetery. I found in the grateful
shade of a cedar tree – covered with violets and roses,
attesting the presence of some friendly hand. The brown
headstone has nothing ornamental or costly about it. The
inscription has only the name of the great man whose dash
steeps below it with the date of his bearth (sic) and his
death. I could but recall as I looked upon hisgrave, the many
heroics rendered the cause of human freedom by him, freedom
not only from physical chains but the chains of superstition –
those which not only galled the limbs and tore the flesh – but
those which marred and wounded the human soul. A few feet from
the remains of Thodore Parker lie those of Richard Hildreth.
Another American who will never be forgotten by those who have
read his Book entitled Despotism in that one with such talent
as Richard Hildreth should have died in absolute poverty in a
foreign [land], but such I am told was the fact. In the same
cemetery where so many Americans have found a last resting
place I found the grave of E.B. Browning.
Frederick Douglass, 11 May 1887, Florence
Following this visit to see Theodore
Parker's tomb, Douglass agitated for a better monument to
honour him, William Wetmore Story being commissioned to carry
out the present one. Story had already created a bust of
Parker from life in Rome, and now portrayed him in bas-relief.
Remember that Henry James wrote the two volume William
Wetmore Story and his Friends. This is one among several tombs with a portrait medallion: A64/ GEORGE
AUGUSTUS WALLIS by Aristodemos Costoli; A15/ ANNE SUSANNA (LLOYD) HORNER by Francesco Jerace; AB7/ INA BOSS
SAULTER, by Ettore Ximenes; B4/ ELENA NIKITICNA DIK, NATA AKZYNOVA
by Fyodor
Fyodorovitsch Kamensky; C3/ THOMAS
SOUTHWOOD SMITH by Joel T. Hart; D108/ THEODORE
PARKER by
William Wetmore Story; D127/ JAMES
ROBERTS, by
Joel T. Hart?; E12/ JAMES LORIMER GRAHAM, JR by Launt Thompson;
E9/ WALTER
KENNEDY LAWRIE by
Pietro Bazzanti, F27/ PHILIPPINA (SIMONS) CIAMPI, by Joel T. Hart? When President Obama ordered the carpet for the
Oval Office he included words he thought originated with
Martin Luther King, Jr., but which are actually Parker's words
abbreviated by King from a sermon Parker preached against
slavery in 1853: 'How long? Not long because the arc of the
moral compass is long, but it bends towards justice'. He
quoted them again at Nelson Mandela's funeral.
Theodore Parker's desk
with statues
Frederick Douglass at Lloyd Garrison's
tomb
of Jesus and
Spartacus
Joel
Hart(F28)'s tomb for Theodore
Parker
William
Wetmore Story's tomb for Theodore Parker
D110/ RICHARD HILDRETH/ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA/ RICHARD
HILDRETH/ DIED JULY 10 1865
Frederick Douglass in his diary above notes he also visits the
tomb of Richard Hildreth and comments at length on his
writings. Jeffrey Begeal notes Richard Hildreth was American
Consul in Trieste. William Lyons Phelps notes that he wrote an
inspiring History of the United States in six volumes,
stating in its Preface: 'Of centennial sermons and Fourth of
July orations, whether professedly such or in the guise of
history, there are more than enough. It is due to our fathers
and ourselves, it is due to truth and philosophy, to present
for once, on the historic stage, the founders of our American
nation unbedaubed with patriotic rouge, wrapped up in no
fine-spun cloaks of excuses and apology, without stilts,
buskins, tinsel, or edizenment, in their own proper persons.'
The Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography notes
that he wrote the first anti-slavery novel, The Slave,
from witnessing slavery in Florida where he had gone because
of his tuberculosis. This novel may be read on the Web at
http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/hildreth/hildreth.html. The
Mediatheca ‘Fioretta Mazzei’ has the two volume Italian
translation. Harriet Beecher Stowe, in Uncle Tom's Cabin,
copies this novel and that of Frances Trollope (Sector B,
B80), Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw. Buried near D108/ THEODORE PARKER he also is Unitarian. Frederick Douglass visited
both their graves and in his handwritten diary, above,
commented admiringly on Hildreth. Hildreth's wife, Caroline
Negus, the portraitist who supported her husband's writing
career, died of cholera in Naples in 1867.
Richard
Hildreth, The White Slave, or the Adventures of Archie Moore.
E44/ 554/ CHARLOTTE MARIA (KEPPEL BERRINGTON)
BOWES-LYON, COUNTESS OF STRATHMORE AND KINGHORN,
BARONNESS GLAMIS/ ENGLAND/SCOTLAND
Burke's Peerage notes
Charlotte-Maria, daughter of George-William
Keppel, 6th Viscount Barrington, married Thomas
George Bowes Lyon, 12th Earl of Strathmore and
Kinghorn and Baron Glamis, 30 April 1850, dying, 3
November 1854, without issue, the Earl being
succeeded by his brother Claude, the 13th Earl.
She was
niece of Lord Normanby. Almost ancestress of Queen
Elizabeth II, through the Queen Mother, born to the
Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorn, the
ninth child, of ten, of the ancient Scots family. The
Guardian has recently noted the connections
with slavery in this branch of the Royal family. I had
earlier spoken with King Charles II about this tomb.
Two columns of the tomb can be seen in photograph of
Felicie Fauveau's sculpture for tomb of Charles Lyon
Herbert(E48)
in Lord Lindsay's collection.
SACRED TO THE MEMORY/ OF/ CHARLOTTE MARIA
COUNTESS OF STRATHMORE AND KINGHORN/ BORN DEC 29 1826 DIED
AT VILLA NORMANBY NOV 3 1854/ THIS MONUMENT WAS ERECTED BY
HER AFFLICTED AND BEREAVED HUSBAND/ THf LORD SHALL KEEP
THEE FROM ALL EVIL/ YEA IT IS EVEN HE THAT SHALL KEEP THY
SOUL/ PSALM CXXI/V.7/
Daniel-Claudiu Dumitrescu chiselled
this plaque after being taught by Hebe Wilcock. His people, the
Romanian Roma, were enslaved in that country by nobles and in
monasteries, and were only freed with the immediate
translation/publication of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, which
copied the novels of Frances Trollope and Richard Hildreth. Then
the Roma were subjected to the Holocaust. They still do not have
Civil Rights. It is the Roma who have restored this Swiss-owned
so-called English Cemetery. Daniel was apprenticed to Alberto
Casciani, paid by Viscount Gough, then even helped restore
Donatello's pultpit in Prato, so excellent is his work.
We should like next to have Daniel
create a similar plaque for Santa Maria Nuova Hospital for Sarah
Parker Remond, the Black woman Abolitonist, friend of
Mazzini, Garibaldi and Douglass, who studied medicine
first in England at Bedford College and All Saints, and then
received her diploma in obstetrics at Santa Maria Nuova in 1868.
Who would like to subscribe to the plaque? I have been asked to
give a lecture on her at Santa Maria Nuova Hospital.
Available from Amazon is the powerful
novel Frances Trollope wrote concerning her eyewitnessing of
slavery while sailing up the Mississipi, ed. Julia Bolton
Holloway
Available from Penguin, etc., is the poetry of Elizabeth Barrett
Browning, especially against slavery, ed. Julia Bolton Holloway.
Both Frances Trollope and Elizabeth Barrett Browning are buried
in Florence's 'English' Cemetery.
Dennis
Looney. Freedom Readers: The African-American Reception of
Dante Alighieri and the Divine Comedy. The William and
Catherine Devers Series in Dante and Medieval Italian
Literature. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 2011. xiv +
280 pp, index, bibliography. $30,00. ISBN 978-0-268-03386-6.
Highly recommended is Igiaba Scego's novel about Abolitionist
African Americans, Sarah Parker Remond, Edmonia Lewis and
Frederick Douglass in Italy.
Booklet and
app created, 11 May 2018, Aureo Anello Books
FLORIN WEBSITE
A WEBSITE
ON FLORENCE © JULIA BOLTON HOLLOWAY, AUREO ANELLO ASSOCIAZIONE,
1997-2024: ACADEMIA
BESSARION
||
MEDIEVAL: BRUNETTO
LATINO, DANTE
ALIGHIERI, SWEET NEW STYLE: BRUNETTO
LATINO, DANTE
ALIGHIERI, &
GEOFFREY CHAUCER
|| VICTORIAN:
WHITE
SILENCE:
FLORENCE'S
'ENGLISH'
CEMETERY
|| ELIZABETH
BARRETT BROWNING
|| WALTER
SAVAGE LANDOR
|| FRANCES
TROLLOPE
|| ABOLITION
OF SLAVERY
|| FLORENCE
IN SEPIA
|| CITY AND BOOK CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
I, II, III,
IV,
V,
VI,
VII
, VIII, IX, X || MEDIATHECA
'FIORETTA
MAZZEI'
|| EDITRICE
AUREO ANELLO CATALOGUE
|| UMILTA
WEBSITE
|| LINGUE/LANGUAGES: ITALIANO,
ENGLISH
|| VITA
New: Opere
Brunetto Latino || Dante vivo || White Silence
Newest:
Abbreviated Virtual Guide: http://www.florin.ms/VirtualGuide.html
to the English Cemetery, in italiano http://www.florin.ms/GuidaVirtuale.html
Dante's
Florence and in Italian, la Firenze di
Dante
Emio Latini, Daniel
in the Island of the Dead,
The English and Napoleon in Florence's 'English' Cemetery http://www.florin.ms/Napoleonapp.html
Tombs associated with Slavery in Florence 'English Cemetery http://www.florin.ms/SlaveryTombsapp.html
Fanous Women Associated with Florence's 'English' Cemetery http://www.florin.ms/FamousWomenapp.html
History of Medicine in Florence's 'English' Cemetery http://www.florin.ms/MedicalHistoryapp.html
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